abstract：:Tuberculosis is a global health calamity. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), has evolved elaborate survival mechanisms in humans, allowing it to remain in a clinically latent infection state, constantly engaging the immune system, with the possibility to progress to active disease. Auto...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Goletti D,Petruccioli E,Romagnoli A,Piacentini M,Fimia GM

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family of proteins has resulted in a significant body of research dedicated to dissecting their biological functions and the molecular mechanisms by which they achieve potent and specific inhibition of cytokine and growth factor signaling. The Australian con...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Linossi EM,Babon JJ,Hilton DJ,Nicholson SE

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the causes of inflammatory arthritis elude us, aberrant cytokine expression has been linked to joint pathology. Consequently, several approaches in the clinic and/or in clinical trials are targeting cytokines, e.g. tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukin 23 (IL-23) and Interleukin 17 (IL-17), with the goal o...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Adamopoulos IE,Pflanz S

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent achievements in the biology and the function of adipose tissue have regarded white adipose tissue (WAT) as an important endocrine and secretory organ. Releasing a series of multiple-function mediators, WAT is involved in a wide spectrum of diseases, including not only cardiovascular and metabolic complications,...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Chen X,Lu J,Bao J,Guo J,Shi J,Wang Y

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Detection of invading pathogens by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is crucial for the activation of the innate immune response. These sensors signal through intertwining signaling cascades which result in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Conjugation, or binding, of ubiquitin an...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Oudshoorn D,Versteeg GA,Kikkert M

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer (PCa), the most common non-skin cancer in men, is a worldwide health concern. Treatment options for aggressive PCa are limited to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT), which are ineffective, with robust diagnostic options also being limited. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, for instance, is su...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Ottley E,Gold E

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The TNF signaling pathway is a valuable target in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, and anti-TNF drugs are successfully used to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. By their ability to interfere with inflammatory processes at multiple levels, these TNF blockers have become inva...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Van Hauwermeiren F,Vandenbroucke RE,Libert C

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we discuss our studies on the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and related mouse models for rheumatoid arthritis. Of note, these models invariably rely on the use of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Our analysis has focused on explaining the dichotomous - either protective or disease-p...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Billiau A,Matthys P

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccination, the revolutionary prophylactic immunotherapy developed in the eighteenth century, has become the most successful and cost-effective of medical remedies available to modern society. Due to the remarkable accomplishments of the past century, the number of diseases and pathogens for which a traditional vacci...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Decker WK,Safdar A

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as a major class of gene expression regulators linked to most biological functions. MiR-155 is encoded within a region known as B cell integration cluster (Bic) gene, identified originally as a frequent integration site for the avian leukosis virus. Disregulation of endogenous ...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Leng RX,Pan HF,Qin WZ,Chen GM,Ye DQ

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), the genetic material for many RNA viruses, induces robust host immune responses via pattern recognition receptors, which include Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) and the multi-protein NLRP3 inflammasome complex. The engagement of dsRNA recep...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Yu M,Levine SJ

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-metabolizing enzymes regulate the level of bioactive sphingolipids that have curative potential. Recently, S1P-metabolizing enzymes such as sphingosine kinase 1 and S1P lyase were shown to regulate influenza virus replication and the virus-induced cytopathogenicity. The mechanism appeared...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Seo YJ,Alexander S,Hahm B

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Th17 cells are a recently discovered subset of T helper cells characterised by the release of IL-17, and are thought to be important for mobilization of immune responses against microbial pathogens, but which also contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The identification of C-type lectin receptors which...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Vautier S,Sousa Mda G,Brown GD

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-26 is classified as a member of the IL-10 cytokine family because it has limited sequence homology to IL-10 and the IL-10-related cytokines. The human IL-26 gene, IL26, is located on chromosome 12q15 between the genes for two other important class-2 cytokines, IFNG (IFN-γ) and IL22 (IL-22). IL-26 is often co-expres...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Donnelly RP,Sheikh F,Dickensheets H,Savan R,Young HA,Walter MR

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although initially identified and best characterized for their role in innate antiviral defence, type I interferons (IFN-I) are also known to have an important impact on the adaptive immune response. In part, this is linked to another long-recognised property of IFN-I, namely their ability to modify cellular prolifera...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Mattei F,Schiavoni G,Tough DF

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment have been shown to play a very significant role in the initiation, progression, and invasiveness of cancer. These tumor-stromal interactions are capable of altering the delivery and effectiveness of therapeutics into the tumor and are also known to influence ...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Wojton J,Kaur B

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemotherapy remains a common mode of anticancer treatment even though in most cancer indications the therapeutic approach is not effective and ultimately associated with the onset of chemoresistance. A better understanding of genetic differences in tumors ushered in the era of targeted therapy which has revolutionize...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Breitbach CJ,Reid T,Burke J,Bell JC,Kirn DH

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The classic view that the role of immune cells in cancer is primarily one of tumor rejection has been supplanted by a more complex view of leukocytes having both pro- and anti-tumor properties. This shift is due to the now well recognized capabilities of several myeloid cell types that foster pro-tumor programming of ...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Ruffell B,DeNardo DG,Affara NI,Coussens LM

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been described as being able to give rise to several quite different mesenchymal cell phenotypes. However, the ability to differentiate is not the only characteristic that makes these cells attractive for therapeutic purposes. The secretion of a broad range of bioactive molecules by ...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Meirelles Lda S,Fontes AM,Covas DT,Caplan AI

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The BMP signaling pathway controls a number of cell processes during development and in adult tissues. At the cellular level, ligands of the BMP family act by binding a hetero-tetrameric signaling complex, composed of two type I and two type II receptors. BMP ligands make use of a limited number of receptors, which in...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Corradini E,Babitt JL,Lin HY

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Scatter Factors are two homologous proteins, named Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Macrophage Stimulating Protein. Their receptors are the products of two oncogenes, Met and Ron, respectively. The Scatter Factors induce movement, stimulate proliferation, regulate apoptosis and are morphogenic, i.e. ope...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Rampino T,Gregorini M,Dal Canton A

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutational inactivation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene, which regulates apoptosis mainly via the cell-intrinsic pathway, reduces the sensitivity of many cancers to conventional treatments. Targeting the cell-extrinsic pathway, which triggers p53-independent apoptosis, offers a unique therapeutic strategy to induce a...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Ashkenazi A

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TNF is an exciting cytokine which has helped to establish many paradigms in immunology. Although TNF itself has found only very limited use in the clinic, anti-cytokine therapy, which targets this single molecule, has enjoyed astounding success in treatment of a growing number of human diseases. However, since TNF med...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Kruglov AA,Kuchmiy A,Grivennikov SI,Tumanov AV,Kuprash DV,Nedospasov SA

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells in vivo do not act in isolation. Therefore, when attempting to predict the results of pharmaceutical modulation of the function of a protein, we must also take into account the non-cell-autonomous consequences of such modulation. Studies of caspase-8 initially indicated that it serves as the proximal enzyme in c...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Ben Moshe T,Kang TB,Kovalenko A,Barash H,Abramovitch R,Galun E,Wallach D

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The wider use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is still limited by the immunologic recognition and destruction of host tissues, termed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The role of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1, and their impact on immune effectors (mainly CD4+ and CD8+ T) cells h...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Mohty M,Gaugler B

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has long been recognized as a central component of the interferon (IFN) system. It was originally characterized as a key mediator of IFN induction in response to virus infection. Subsequently, it was identified as a prime activator of the antiviral response. In recent years the discovery of...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Gantier MP,Williams BR

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral infection is detected by cellular sensors as foreign nucleic acid and initiates innate antiviral responses, including the activation of type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines. Recent advances in cytoplasmic virus sensors highlight their essential role in the induction of innate immunity. Moreover,...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Yoneyama M,Fujita T

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful sensors of foreign pathogens as well as cancer cells and provide the first line of defence against infection. They also serve as a major link between innate and adaptive immunity. Immature DCs respond to incoming danger signals and undergo maturation to produce high levels of proinfl...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Gabriele L,Ozato K

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormonal cancers such as breast and prostate cancer arise from steroid hormone-regulated tissues. In addition to breast and prostate cancer hormonal regulation has also a role in endometrial, ovarian, testis and thyroid carcinomas. The effects of estrogens, androgens and progestagens on tumor growth are largely mediat...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Mattila MM,Härkönen PL

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is routinely prescribed as an immunomodulatory treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), but is associated with variable clinical efficacy. Ideally an early predictor of response status would allow more rational provision of this therapy. Both pharmacogenomic and expression analysis have highli...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： O'Doherty C,Villoslada P,Vandenbroeck K

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interest in the biology of white adipose tissue (WAT) has increased dramatically since the discovery of leptin in 1994. The identification of the product of the gene obese (ob) threw light on the role of adipose tissue in the physiopathology of obesity-related diseases, and spurred the identification of numerous other...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Lago F,Dieguez C,Gómez-Reino J,Gualillo O

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-2 was discovered in 1976 as a T-cell growth factor. It was the first type I cytokine cloned and the first for which a receptor component was cloned. Its importance includes its multiple actions, therapeutic potential, and lessons for receptor biology, with three components differentially combining to form ...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Kim HP,Imbert J,Leonard WJ

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine playing a major role as regulator of hematopoiesis and innate immune responses. There is growing evidence that G-CSF also exerts profound immunoregulatory effects in adaptive immunity. G-CSF mediates anti-inflammatory reactions accompanied by TH2 ...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Franzke A

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The related Axl, Sky and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are increasingly being implicated in a host of discrete cellular responses including cell survival, proliferation, migration and phagocytosis. Furthermore, their ligands Gas6 and protein S are characteristically dependent on vitamin K for expression of thei...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Hafizi S,Dahlbäck B

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activins are transforming growth factor beta superfamily members, which were originally identified as inducers of follicle-stimulating hormone release from the pituitary. In recent years, however, additional functions of activins have been discovered, including a role in the morphogenesis of various tissues and organs...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Werner S,Alzheimer C

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been characterized as an injury-related factor, based on the observation that it is strongly up-regulated in many acute or chronic central nervous system disorders. TGF-beta is generally thought to be neuroprotective and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain th...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Vivien D,Ali C

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TGF-beta signaling regulates tumorigenesis and in human cancer its signaling pathways are often modified during tumor progression. Prior to initiation and early during progression TGF-beta acts upon the epithelium as a tumor suppressor, however at later stages it is often a tumor promoter. Over the years, many studies...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Bierie B,Moses HL

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CXC chemokines display pleiotropic effects in immunity, regulating angiogenesis, and mediating organ-specific metastases of cancer. In the context of angiogenesis, CXC chemokines are a unique family of cytokines, known for their ability to behave in a disparate manner in the regulation of angiogenesis. Members that co...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Strieter RM,Burdick MD,Gomperts BN,Belperio JA,Keane MP

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease are two closely related bone disorders characterized by progressive bone thickening due to increased bone formation. Sclerosteosis is associated with mutations in the SOST gene and Van Buchem disease with a 52 kb deletion downstream of the SOST gene that probably affects transcript...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： van Bezooijen RL,ten Dijke P,Papapoulos SE,Löwik CW

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite advances in therapies that target inflammation and tissue destruction in chronic arthritis, stimulation of tissue repair and restoration of joint function, the ultimate goal of treatment, is far from achieved. We introduce a new paradigm that may help to improve our understanding and management of chronic arth...

journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews

authors： Lories RJ,Luyten FP

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00